Identification of suitable areas for the larval development of the Pacific mackerel (Scomber japonicus) in the southern portion of the California Current

Abstract

Larval size is considered as an important variable to understand the changes in larval development and identification of a suitable environment for larval growth and survivor. Larvae of the Pacific mackerel (Scomber japonicus) have a slow growth during the early stages of development (6-8 mm SL); subsequently, the growth rate increases, but the development depends mainly on the temperature and food. The aim of this study was to identify the areas and seasons favorable for larval development of S. japonicus, in relation to the sea surface temperature and the zooplankton biomass, off the west coast of the Baja California Peninsula (~25°-32°N) from 2006 to 2010. Larvae of the Pacific mackerel showed the greatest amplitude in their spatial distribution during spring, but with greater restricted abundance compared to Punta Eugenia (~28°N) during summer. Changes in its distribution were influenced by geostrophic flow and thermal variability. Linear regression analysis allowed to identify areas favorable for larvae development, with a lower development in spring, related to a narrow range of temperatures and levels of comparatively low zooplankton biomass. In contrast, during summer the largest increase in body height () was related to a wide range of temperatures, while its low variability (standard error) coincided with high levels of zooplankton biomass. It is considered that thermal conditions and food availability, favor an optimum larval development, particularly during the summer season.